January 23, 1510 – Henry VIII of England, then 18 years old, appears incognito in the lists at Richmond, and is applauded for his jousting before he reveals his identity.

November 23, 1510 – First campaign of Ottoman Empire against Kingdom of Imereti (modern western Georgia). Ottoman armies sack its capital Kutaisi and burn Gelati Monastery.

July 22, 1510 – Alessandro de' Medici, Duke of Florence (d. 1537)

October 6, 1510 – John Caius, English physician (d. 1573)

October 25, 1510 – Renée of France, French princess (d. 1574)

October 28, 1510 – Francis Borgia, Spanish duke and Jesuit priest (d. 1572)