1659 Calendar
A year scroll with Latin text from “The Extremes of Good and Evil” by Cicero, written in 45 BC.

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Historical Event(s)

– The assault on Copenhagen by Swedish forces is beaten back with heavy losses.
– English Restoration: A faction of the British Army removes Richard Cromwell as Lord Protector of the Commonwealth and reinstalls the Rump Parliament.
– Richard Cromwell resigns as Lord Protector of England following the restoration of the Long Parliament, beginning a second brief period of the republican government called the Commonwealth of England.
– At the Battle of Konotop the Ukrainian armies of Ivan Vyhovsky defeat the Russians led by Prince Trubetskoy.
– Chattrapati Shivaji Maharaj, Maratha King kills Afzal Khan, Adilshahi in the battle popularly known as Battle of Pratapgarh. This is also recognised as the first defence of Swarajya
– The Peace of the Pyrenees is signed between France and Spain.

Who Were Born On ?

– Damaris Cudworth Masham, English philosopher (d. 1708)
– Jacob Roggeveen, Dutch explorer (d. 1729)
– Isaac de Beausobre, French Protestant pastor (d. 1738)
– David Gregory, Scottish astronomer (d. 1708)
– Hyacinthe Rigaud, French painter (d. 1743)
– Charles Ancillon, French Huguenot pastor (d. 1715)
– Henry Purcell, English composer (d. 1695)
– Francesco Galli-Bibiena, Italian architect/designer (d. 1739)