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Historical Event(s)
– Peninsular War: Siege of Cádiz begins.
– Andreas Hofer, Tirolean patriot and leader of rebellion against Napoleon’s forces, is executed.
– The Governor of Caracas declares independence from Spain.
– Napoleon annexes Westphalia as part of the First French Empire.
– Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte, Marshal of France, is elected Crown Prince of Sweden by the Swedish Riksdag of the Estates.
– The former viceroy Santiago de Liniers is executed after the defeat of his counter-revolution.
– The Tonquin sets sail from New York Harbor with 33 employees of John Jacob Astor’s newly created Pacific Fur Company on board. After a six-month journey around the tip of South America, the ship arrives at the mouth of the Columbia River and Astor’s men establish the fur-trading town of Astoria, Oregon.
– First Government Junta in Chile. Though supposed to rule only in the absence of the king, it is in fact the first step towards independence from Spain, and is commemorated as such.
– First Oktoberfest: The Bavarian royalty invites the citizens of Munich to join the celebration of the marriage of Crown Prince Ludwig of Bavaria to Princess Therese von Sachsen-Hildburghausen.
– Sweden declares war on its ally the United Kingdom to begin the Anglo-Swedish War, although no fighting ever takes place.
Who Were Born On ?
– Ernst Kummer, German mathematician (d. 1893)
– Philip Henry Gosse, English naturalist (d. 1888)
– Henry Rawlinson, English scholar (d. 1895)
– Hans Christian Lumbye, Danish composer (d. 1874)
– Abraham Geiger, German rabbi and scholar (d. 1874)
– Otto Nicolai, German composer (d. 1849)
– Elizabeth Gaskell, British novelist (d. 1865)
– Cassius Clay, American abolitionist (d. 1903)
– Henry Yesler, American entrepreneur and politician (d. 1892)
– Theodor Schwann, German physiologist (d. 1882)