1863 Calendar
A year scroll with Latin text from “The Extremes of Good and Evil” by Cicero, written in 45 BC.

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Historical Event(s)

– The New Apostolic Church, a Christian and chiliastic church, is established in Hamburg, Germany.
– American Civil War: General Ambrose Burnside is relieved of command of the Army of the Potomac after the disastrous Fredericksburg campaign. He is replaced by Joseph Hooker.
– American Civil War: Grierson’s Raid begins – troops under Union Army Colonel Benjamin Grierson attack central Mississippi.
– American Civil War: The Battle of Chancellorsville ends with a Union retreat.
– American Civil War: The final day of the Battle of Gettysburg culminates with Pickett’s Charge.
– United States begins its first military draft; exemptions cost $300.
– The Dominican Restoration War begins when Gregorio Luperón raises the Dominican flag in Santo Domingo after Spain had recolonized the country.
– American Civil War: In Charleston, South Carolina, Union batteries and ships bombard Confederate-held Fort Sumter.
– The Maori Wars resumes as British forces in New Zealand led by General Duncan Cameron begin their Invasion of the Waikato.
– President Abraham Lincoln proclaims November 26 as a national Thanksgiving Day, to be celebrated annually on the final Thursday of November (since 1941, on the fourth Thursday).

Who Were Born On ?

– Manuel Gomes da Costa, 96th Prime Minister of Portugal and 10th President of Portugal (d. 1929)
– Vladimir Vernadsky, Russian mineralogist (d. 1945)
– Francis Younghusband, British explorer (d. 1942)
– Felix Weingartner, Yugoslavian conductor (d. 1942)
– Hugo Haase, German politician and jurist (d. 1919)
– Pyotr Kuzmich Kozlov, Russian explorer (d. 1935)
– Helen Dunbar, American actress (d. 1933)
– Pietro Mascagni, Italian composer (d. 1945)
– George Santayana, Spanish philosopher and writer (d. 1952)
– Franz Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria (d. 1914)