1866 Calendar
A year scroll with Latin text from “The Extremes of Good and Evil” by Cicero, written in 45 BC.

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Historical Event(s)

– The Royal Aeronautical Society is formed in London.
– Spencer Compton Cavendish, Marquess of Hartington becomes British Secretary of State for War.
– The Grand Army of the Republic, an American patriotic organization composed of Union veterans of the American Civil War, is founded. It lasts until 1956.
– The U.S. Congress eliminates the half dime coin and replaces it with the five cent piece, or nickel.
– Fenian raids: Fenians are victorious in both the Battle of Ridgeway and the Battle of Fort Erie.
– 1,800 Fenian raiders are repelled back to the United States after they loot and plunder around Saint-Armand and Frelighsburg, Quebec.
– Austro-Prussian War: Battle of Lissa – The Austrian Navy , led by Admiral Wilhelm von Tegetthoff, defeats the Italian Navy near the island of Vis in the Adriatic Sea.
– The United States Congress passes legislation authorizing the five-star rank of General of the Army. Lieutenant General Ulysses S. Grant becomes the first to be promoted to this rank.
– The first permanent transatlantic telegraph cable is successfully completed, stretching from Valentia Island, Ireland, to Heart’s Content, Newfoundland.
– New Orleans’s Democratic government orders police to raid an integrated Republican Party meeting, killing 40 people and injuring 150.

Who Were Born On ?

– Vasily Kalinnikov, Russian composer (d. 1901)
– Benedetto Croce, Italian philosopher (d. 1952)
– Bernard O'Dowd, Australian poet (d. 1953)
– Princess Viktoria of Prussia (d. 1929)
– Gopal Krishna Gokhale, Leader of Indian Independence Movement (d. 1915)
– Léon Bakst, Russian artist (d. 1924)
– George Herbert, 5th Earl of Carnarvon, English financier of Egyptian excavations (d. 1923)
– Albert Gottschalk, Danish painter (d. 1907)
– Jeppe Aakjær, Danish writer (d. 1930)
– Abraham Flexner, American educator (d. 1959)